慢性支气管炎
什么是慢性支气管炎?
支气管炎是呼吸管的炎症. 这些是气道 支气管. 这 inflammation causes too much mucus production and other changes. 有 不同类型的支气管炎. 但最常见的是急性和慢性.
Chronic 支气管tis is long-term inflammation of the 支气管. 这是很常见的。 吸烟者. People with chronic 支气管tis tend to get lung infections more easily. 他们 also have episodes of acute 支气管tis, when symptoms are worse.
被归类为慢性支气管炎:
- You must have a cough and mucus most days for at least 3 months a year, for 2 years in a row.
- Other causes of symptoms, such as tuberculosis or other lung diseases, must be ruled out.
People with chronic 支气管tis have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 这 is a large group of lung diseases that includes chronic 支气管tis. 这些疾病可以 block air flow in the 肺 and cause 呼吸 problems. 最常见的两种情况 慢性支气管炎和肺气肿.
慢性支气管炎的病因是什么?
慢性支气管炎不是由病毒或细菌引起的. 大多数专家同意 慢性支气管炎的主要原因是吸烟. 空气污染和你的工作 环境可能也有影响. 如果你也吸烟，这一点尤其正确.
支气管炎 symptoms often happen with other lung diseases, such as:
- 哮喘
- 肺气肿
- 肺瘢痕(肺纤维化)
- 鼻窦炎
- 肺结核
- 上呼吸道感染
慢性支气管炎的症状是什么?
以下是慢性支气管炎最常见的症状. 但每个人的症状可能略有不同.
症状可能包括:
- 咳嗽，通常被称为吸烟者的咳嗽
- 咳出黏液(咳痰)
- 喘息
- 胸部不适
People with chronic 支气管tis often have a cough and make mucus for many years before 他们呼吸急促.
慢性支气管炎可能导致:
- 残疾
- 频繁而严重的呼吸道感染
- 呼吸管(支气管)变窄和堵塞
- 呼吸困难
其他症状可能包括:
- Bluish fingernails, lips, and skin because of lower oxygen levels
- 喘息和噼啪声伴随着呼吸
- 肿 脚
- 心脏衰竭
的 symptoms of chronic 支气管tis may look like other lung conditions or health problems. 请向您的医疗保健提供者咨询诊断.
如何诊断慢性支气管炎?
你的 healthcare provider will take a complete health history and do a physical exam. 他或 她可能会要求进行以下检查:
肺功能检查
的se tests help to measure the 肺’ ability to move air in and out of 你的肺. 的 tests are often done with special machines that you breathe into. 他们可能 包括:
肺量测定法. 这 test uses a spirometer device to see how well 你的肺 工作. It is one of the simplest, most common pulmonary function tests. 它可能 用于以下任何一个或全部原因:
- To find out how well 你的肺 take in, hold, and move air
- 注意肺部疾病
- 看看治疗效果如何
- 看看你的肺病有多严重
- To find out if your lung disease is restrictive or obstructive. 严格的方式 进入肺部的空气会减少. 阻塞性意味着更少的空气会从你的 肺.
峰 流量监控器. 这 test measures the fastest speed you can blow air out of 你的肺. Inflammation and mucus in the large 航空公司 in the 肺 narrow the 航空公司. 这减慢了空气离开肺部的速度. 它可以用a来测量 峰值流量监测器. 这 measurement is very important in telling how well your 疾病正在得到控制.
动脉血气
这 blood test is used to check the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood. 它还能测量你血液的酸度.
脉搏血氧测量
An oximeter is a small machine that measures the amount of oxygen in your blood. To get this measurement, a small sensor is taped or clipped onto a finger or toe. When the machine is on, a small red light can be seen in the sensor. 的 sensor is painless, and the red light does not get hot.
胸部x光片
这 test makes pictures of your internal tissues, bones, and organs, including the 肺.
CT扫描
这 imaging test uses a combination of X-rays and computer technology to make 身体图像. A CT扫描 shows detailed images of any part of the body, 包括骨骼、肌肉、脂肪和器官. CT扫描比 一般x射线.
慢性支气管炎如何治疗?
Treatment for chronic 支气管tis is aimed at treating the causes and symptoms. 它可能 包括:
- 戒烟
- 住 远离二手烟和其他肺部刺激物
- 采取 medicines by mouth (oral) to open 航空公司 and help clear away mucus
- 采取 inhaled medicines, such as bronchodilators and steroids
- 从便携式容器中获取氧气
- Having lung reduction surgery to take out damaged areas of the lung
- 接受肺移植，在极少数情况下
- 加湿空气
- Pulmonary rehab to help you learn how to live with your 呼吸 problems and stay active
慢性支气管炎要点
- 支气管炎是呼吸管的炎症 (支气管). 有 several types of 支气管tis, but the most common are acute and chronic.
- Chronic 支气管tis is often part of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). 这 is a group of lung diseases that cause airflow blockage and 呼吸 problems.
- 的 most important cause of chronic 支气管tis is cigarette smoking. Air pollution and your work 环境可能也有影响.
- 这 condition causes a cough that’s often called smoker’s cough. 它也会导致你 咳出黏液，喘息，胸部不适. 这些可能会随着时间的推移变得更糟 导致严重的呼吸问题.
- Tests that help measure how well 你的肺 工作 are used to diagnose chronic 支气管tis. 血, 呼吸, and imaging tests may also be used to see how severe the problem is and watch it over time.
- 的 goal of treatment is to live more comfortably by controlling symptoms. 的关键部分 治疗方法是戒烟.
下一个步骤
Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider:
- Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen.
- Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
- Bring someone with you to help you ask questions and remember what your healthcare provider tells you.
- At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your healthcare provider gives you.
- Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed, and how it will help you. 还要知道副作用是什么.
- 询问你的病情是否可以用其他方法治疗.
- Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
- Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
- If you have a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
- Know how you can contact your healthcare provider if you have questions.
